Saturday, December 16, 2006

2006


2006 -- that year wasn’t anything like we thought it would be. Plan all you want, but life will at times take a course you did not intend. With the final illness and death of Kim’s father, Joe, and Jeff’s brother, Andy, and the birth of a grandchild, the Lord’s plan for our salvation has taken center stage in our hearts and minds. Sadness, worry, gratitude, peace, and joy have all attended our family this year. We look back in awe as we ponder the eternal significance of the year’s developments.

The year was relatively calm until April. Kim learned of her father’s decline, suffering from multiple myeloma, while Jeff was in Ohio keynoting the annual meeting of the University of Cincinnati chapter of the Federalist Society. Soon after Jeff returned to California, Kim left for Oregon and spent several weeks there assisting her father. Meanwhile, Mindy finished her senior-year coursework at Brigham Young University -- Idaho, and left on tour to Brazil with the Collegiate Singers. Aaron (Clift) graduated from Brigham Young University, and Sarah and Aaron moved to Elk Grove. They brought with them a bun in the oven.

In early May, Kim came home for a few days while her uncle, Tom, cared for her father. On May 14, Tom called to say Joe was slipping away. Kim and Jeff packed and left a house full of family celebrating Mother’s Day to head for Oregon, but Joe passed on before they could reach Bend. The children drove up and met Kim and Jeff in John Day for Joe’s funeral.

Kim and Jeff returned to Elk Grove just in time to refuel and drive to Idaho to pick up Mindy as she returned home from Brazil. After four years, Mindy was finished with school in Rexburg and had only student teaching to complete before graduating.

Joey and Hilary went on tour with Galena Street East to the East Coast in June. They enjoyed some of the historical sites and then hopped on a cruise to Canada and back. Meanwhile, Kim and Jeff packed up Spence and Bradford, who had just finished a successful season in Cal Ripken and Babe Ruth league baseball, and went to John Day to begin wrapping up Joe’s estate -- two properties, a barber shop, and many years of accumulated possessions.

On the Fourth of July, Andy and Coleen invited the extended family to their home to eat, swim, and enjoy fireworks, but Andy wasn’t feeling well. Within a couple of weeks, tests revealed multiple tumors, most significantly brain tumors, and a diagnosis of melanoma. As the cancer despoiled his body, his spirit shone. On September 28, Andy went home to God, who gave him life.

Meanwhile, Joey started his first year at Brigham Young University, and Mindy moved to Utah to do her student teaching at Kearns High School. Hilary (sophomore), Spencer (freshman), and Bradford (fifth grade) also started new school years.

October was relatively calm, but, on the morning of November 2, Aaron called Kim to tell her Mari Roanne Clift had arrived. Kim sped down to the courthouse and was not very patient waiting for Jeff to wrap up his work and join her to go to Sutter Memorial Hospital to see Sarah and Aaron’s new baby. Mari is, of course, perfect in every way -- 8 pounds, 1 ounce and 21 inches long at birth. She has dark hair and dark eyes like her mother and enough adoring family and friends to make her a rock star in popularity. We all gathered at our house for Thanksgiving and, the day after, Mindy went to the temple and Joey received the Melchizedek Priesthood.

December brought more significant milestones. Mindy finished her student teaching and graduated from Brigham Young University - Idaho. She has accepted a call to serve as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at the Washington, D.C. Temple Visitors Center and the Washington, D.C. North Mission beginning January 24.

May the Lord bless you this Christmas season and always.

Saturday, November 11, 2006

Letter to Mari

Dear Mari:

This has been a momentous and joyous week. Thursday morning, your father called to tell us you were born. Grandma came to pick me up at work (boy, did she get impatient when I couldn’t come right out), and we rushed over to Sutter Memorial Hospital to see our first grandchild. It was a rainy but not particularly cold day. When we arrived, you were still in the nursery getting the once-over and a picture from the nurses. But I could see the top of your head and your long dark hair. Your mother looked worn out. She had dark circles under her eyes but a big smile on her face. When they finally brought you into your mother’s room, I was one of the first to hold you. You weren’t more than four hours old.

I can’t say I looked into your eyes and saw the future because you wouldn’t open your eyes. You were sleepy and comfortable, all wrapped in a blanket.

Twenty years ago, in the same hospital, your mother looked just about the same way, safe and comfortable. But we had a few anxious moments before she was born. We lived in Davis at the time, and the rain had been unusually heavy. The waves were lapping up against the Yolo Causeway, where the overflow from the Sacramento River goes when there is too much water to accommodate in the normal channel. The clouds had cleared, so the fog thickened in the valley. Grandma went into labor in the evening, and we weren’t sure, with the fog, how long it would take to get to Sacramento. So we decided to go to Great-Grandma and Great-Grandpa Hogge’s home in Sacramento until it was time to go to the hospital. On the way, I could barely see the lines on the freeway as we crept along slowly. We weren’t at my parents’ house long before Grandma was pretty sure it was time to get to the hospital.

At the hospital, things were going well enough, but then the nurses started noticing that, when Grandma had a contraction, your mother’s heartbeat would slow dangerously. The doctor wanted Grandma to stand up to try to move the process along. Her legs were weak, though, so I did my best to hold her up. When Grandma was ready to deliver, they took her down to a delivery room. (They used to have separate rooms for labor and for delivery.) It wasn’t long before your mother was born, with her umbilical cord tied in a knot. Apparently, every time Grandma had a contraction, it pulled the knot tighter -- hence your mother’s slowing heartbeat. Despite the distress, your mother was born healthy and strong.

I have probably described it better elsewhere, but there was a unique and special feeling in the room when your mother was born. The Spirit of the Lord bore witness to Grandma and me that this was a very important event, from an eternal perspective. I am sure that had something to do with the fact that this little girl would be the mortal mother of some of our Heavenly Father’s most valiant children.

Your mother introduced Aaron Clift to us in April 2005 when we went to Provo to visit. Before long, she told us they intended to marry. And in August of that year, we had a son-in-law. We liked your father from the beginning (although I must admit I was amused at his ill-at-easedness in our presence -- he eventually overcame that).

By the time you read this, you may have brothers or sisters. I don’t know what the Lord has in store for your family. But I am tempted to write at length about my brother, Andy. He passed away in September, just about five weeks before you were born, and I miss him. I hope you will take some time and read the eulogy I gave at his funeral. It reflects how I feel about eternity and about our Heavenly Father. Your great-grandfather, Joe West, also passed away while your mother was pregnant with you. You may not believe it as you read this, but this mortal life is fleeting. We live an eternity, making choices and developing, before we come to this life. Then we live here for a very short time before going on to another eternity. Yet our time here is the most important because we make choices here that will affect us for eternity.

Always remember the importance of the role you will play in this life. We all have roles. Recently, the role of women in society has been denigrated and redefined. Because success is measured by affluence and possessions, it has become stylish to demand productivity from mothers -- worldly productivity, the kind that produces material wealth without regard to eternal consequences. With that measure of success, stay-at-home moms can’t compete for respectability. The answer is to correct the measure not to compete better under the worldly measure.

In our family the role of mother finds the prominence it deserves. Almost 100 years ago, Roa Kelly was born into a family that had left the LDS Church but not Utah. Her parents did not insure that she was baptized when she was eight years old. But she made that determination as a teenager, seeking baptism and taking upon herself the name of Jesus Christ. It was a commitment she kept the rest of her life, even though the man she married was not active in the Church. She took her three boys to church and taught them to keep their commitments to their Heavenly Father. Each one of those boys, including your great-grandfather, Wallace Hogge, followed her example. We revere Roa because, were it not for her, we would have only worldly measures of success. Instead, we strive together for eternal goals. It is a good name you bear, and your role as a daughter of God is celestially important.

We are pleased to welcome you to our world. It is not the easiest place to live, and there are many who would say we have not taken very good care of it. But I like this place. It is full of sorrow, deceit, ugliness, and sin -- it is true. Without this, however, there could be no happiness, integrity, beauty, and righteousness. It is the nature of mortality that we must see them all to appreciate the best. Don’t be discouraged that there is adversity in the world. Just be resolute in following Christ.

We love you, perhaps more than you will know for many years. Your mother and father are dear to us. And we hope to have many years of seeing you grow and develop and have a happy life, like we have had.

With much love,

Grandpa Hogge (or whatever you will end up calling me, like “hey you”)

Sunday, November 05, 2006

Mari Roanne Clift

Mari was born on November 2, 2006, at 6:57 a.m. -- 8 lbs., 1 oz., 21 inches.

Wednesday, October 25, 2006

The Legacy of Gospel-Sharing Homes

In 1828, about 100 miles from Joseph Smith’s Sharon, Vermont birthplace, Moses Cluff was born in New Hampshire, in the town of Durham near the seashore. By then the prophet was 22 years old, and he was 700 miles away in Harmony, Pennsylvania., two years before the church was organized. Moses’s was a prominent New Hampshire family, and his Cluff ancestor was one of the Jamestown settlers in 1635.

When Moses was 7 years old, his father, David, heard about a book that described ancient American people. Having an interest in ancient peoples and their civilization, he decided to travel to Kirtland, Ohio to find out about this gold bible. On his way, traveling on a canal boat on the Erie Canal, he met a man named Martin Harris. Brother Harris taught David about the restoration of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the latter days. This information intensified David’s desire to meet the prophet. In Kirtland, David met the prophet and immediately accepted the truth of the restored gospel. “His whole soul was illuminated and he partook of the fruit of the tree of life. His soul was lifted from the dogmas of man made religions and he had a glimpse of the joys within the veil.” (Autobiography of Harvey Cluff)

The Cluff family pulled up their roots in New Hampshire and went to Kirtland, Ohio to be with the saints. In Kirtland, the Clough’s established a gospel-sharing home. David was one of the first to be licensed by the church to be a traveling preacher of the gospel. My cursory search of Church history has revealed no large congregation converted by David Clough. Admittedly, I did not search the Church archives, but I did find at least one person who was converted because of David’s determination to serve the Lord. That person was his son Moses. David set an example for his young son, Moses, by serving the Lord.

And if it so be that you should labor all your days in crying repentance unto this people, and bring, save it be one soul unto me, how great shall be your joy with him in the kingdom of my Father!
(D&C 18:15.)

What if you labor all your days and the only ones saved are your children?

Moses Cluff grew up in the tumultuous times of Kirtland and Nauvoo and, eventually, the trek to the Rockies. When Moses was about 23 years old, he followed his father’s example and went on a mission. He was called to England and assigned to the Faceby area of Yorkshire to establish a branch of the church there. Elder Cluff found refuge in the home of James Stanger. Stanger invited his family and friends, including his daughter Ann and her husband Charles, to come hear Elder Cluff preach. The message touched Charles.

Ann and Charles were newlyweds, married by Parson Brown in the local parish. (I wonder if he said, “Are you married?” And they said, “No, man, but you can do the job when you’re in town.”) Elder Cluff worked with Charles for several months before Charles finally felt the Spirit, overcame his fears, and was baptized as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in May 1853. Ann was not yet ready to make the commitment, but Charles took hold of the Gospel and, within months, was, himself, seen proselyting through the area. Charles later said that he found great joy in his efforts to spread the Gospel. Within two months after Charles was baptized, their first child, James, was born. Even though Ann was not a member, Charles created a gospel-sharing home by practicing the Gospel there. Not long after James’ birth, Ann was ready for baptism. Charles was ordained to the Melchizedek Priesthood and, on the same day, was set apart as the branch president. Charles and Ann used all of their spare means to support the traveling elders and to buy tracts to be distributed in the Faceby area. Their home and their lives became filled with sharing the gospel.

In those days, members in foreign lands gathered to Zion in the Rockies. Charles and Ann left England in 1855 from Liverpool and made a difficult crossing of the Atlantic. They went to Kansas by train and steamship and then from Kansas to Utah on foot with wagons. When they left Atcheson, Kansas, on foot, with a wagon carrying their possessions, Ann was nine-months pregnant. Their second child was born on the plains, somewhere in Kansas, en route to Salt Lake City.

Since Charles joined the church, six generations of Hogge’s have enjoyed the blessings of the Gospel. Next month, we’ll make that seven generations. Generations of Hogge’s, along with many others, will call the names of David and Moses Cluff blessed.

And now, if your joy will be great with one soul that you have brought unto me into the kingdom of my Father, how great will be your joy if you should bring many souls unto me!
(D&C 18:16.)

Saturday, October 07, 2006

Andy's Sacramento Bee Funeral Notice

HOGGE, Andrew Hilton

Passed away in Sacramento, California on September 28, 2006. He was born on May 7, 1963, also in Sacramento. An estimator in the restoration business and former proprietor of a carpet services business, Mr. Hogge is survived by his wife of 21 years (Coleen) and four children (Melanie, Natalie, Madelyn, and Neal), and his parents (Wallace and Ronetta). The family invites you to attend funeral services at 11:00 AM on Tuesday, Oct. 3, at the Vintage Park building of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 8925 Vintage Park Dr., Sacramento. A private interment will follow.

Published in the Sacramento Bee on 10/3/2006.

View and sign the Guest Book.

Dad's Funeral Address


Thank you all for making the effort to attend these services today. Andy definitely was a people person and I know he is grateful to each of you for being here today.

When Andy realized he was approaching some very different experiences in his life he became very close to the Lord and wanted to share with others his knowledge of things that are to come in each of our lives. He said at the onset that he was happier then at anytime of his life. He related to the movie “It’s a wonderful life” starring Jimmy Stewart. Jimmy Stewart played a man who was so wrapped up in the things of life that he could not appreciate who he was and how much the people around him meant to him. Through a series of events he was granted a wish that he had never been born. He then returned to his home town accompanied by an angel and saw what it would have been like if he had never been born. Of course, then he realized all he had and how much life was worth it to him. Andy during the last few months of his life realized all that he had and how much he loved his wife, children, other family members and dear friends.

For some of you perhaps Andy’s passing was a surprise or occurred very rapidly. It was his desire that the seriousness of his sickness not be broadcast to everyone, only to his family and very close friends.

Andy was fortunate to have doctors who cared for him. Specially Dr. Bryce Tanner, not only a great doctor but a great friend. He attended doctor’s appointments and helped Andy get the care he needed. Doctor Wong was also a great comfort to Andy and Coleen. And, of course, the many other doctors who cared for Andy, thank you for your professionalism and helpfulness.

Andy took his time coming into this world. His mother had to be bedridden for her entire pregnancy with him as well as his brother Jeff. When the time was almost here for him to appear in this lifetime his mother was told by the doctor to take some castor oil to speed up the process. She did so and things began to progress rapidly. She and I rushed to the hospital in anticipation of this great event, only to be told after many hours that it was not to be at this time. We went home discouraged that his birth was to be postponed until almost a week later when he finally entered our lives. Our lives would never be the same as we learned to not only love him, but at times to tolerate him. He was as reluctant to leave this life as well. He rallied on many occasions when we thought the end was near.

Andy had dimples which the nurses recognized immediately after his birth. When traveling home from Utah one time we stopped at a restaurant in Carson City, Nevada for dinner. A couple across the room noticed our family. They came to our table on the way out and commented on our well mannered and cute three boys and then the lady said to Andy, who was three years old at the time, “What cute dimples you have”. About a week later his mother found him looking in a mirror with a very serious look on his face and asked her, “What are dimples?” She encouraged him to smile and then showed him what dimples are. We and others have enjoyed these dimples throughout his life.

Perhaps the greatest decision Andy made in his life was to marry Coleen. She and he have had many wonderful and interesting experiences as they nurtured their children and encouraged them to become good citizens and good ambassadors of the Lord. As in most families there were times of stress and tremor, but usually everything was resolved and things returned to normalcy (whatever that is). Coleen is now a widow, having had her husband pass to the other side, it will now be our responsibility (both her family and friends) to assist her and her children.

During Andy’s illness Coleen was at his side comforting him, feeding him, and overseeing his general welfare. Even when Coleen would go to school she always made sure that those who came in to sit with him knew what to do if he was hungry or feeling pain and when medications were to be taken. She has been a true saint and has shown all of us what true charity is. God bless Coleen for her goodness and greatness in helping Andy enjoy his last short time here on earth. I also might add how his children rallied to watch over their father and help him so he could be comfortable and happy. Great are the blessing of children who love and respect their parents as Andy’s children do.

The Plan of Salvation (Happiness)

In times such as this when a family member or a friend leaves this mortal existence we are saddened by their departure, but as we examine the scriptures and review statements of latter-day prophets we find this thing we call death is but a birth into the spirit world. As children of Heavenly Father He loves us and wants us to be happy. So why is mortal death so hard to understand?

To answer this question we need to review what kind of existence we had before we came to this earth, how we obtained our mortal bodies (which we call birth), then why we must give up our bodies (which we call death), and then of course how we will once again be able to reclaim our bodies in a universal resurrection.

President Boyd K. Packer describes our existence:

The plan of redemption, with its three divisions, might be likened to a grand three-act play. Act 1 is entitled “Premortal Life”. The scriptures describe it as our first estate. Act 2, from birth to the time of resurrection, is the “Second Estate”. And Act 3 is called “Life after death” or “Eternal Life”.

In mortality, we are like actors who enter a theater just as the curtain goes up on the second act. We have missed act 1. The production has many plots and subplots that interweave making it difficult to figure out who relates to whom and what relates to what, who are the heroes and who are the villains. It is further complicated because we are not just spectators; we are members of the cast, on stage, in the middle of it all.

Before we were born into mortality we were born as spirit children to our Heavenly Parents. Paul of the New Testament referred to this relationship in Hebrews chapter 12 verse 9:

Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits and live?

During this premortal life or Act 1, we lived with our spiritual brothers and sisters. However Heavenly Father knew we could not progress until we obtained a physical body and we were placed in an environment where, by the exercise of agency, we could prove our willingness to keep God's commandments. If we succumbed to temptation we would be shut out from God's presence, for "no unclean thing can dwell with God". To bring those who yielded to temptation a plan of redemption had to be set in place, and this required a Redeemer.

A council in heaven was held of all the spirits, and two individuals volunteered to serve as the redeemer. One was Lucifer, who said he would "redeem all mankind, that one soul shall not be lost", but they would have no choice in the matter. Such a proposal was out of harmony with the plan of the Father. Jehovah, the premortal Jesus Christ, had first stepped forward and volunteered to give his life as payment for all sins. He set no plan or conditions of his own, but said, "Father, thy will be done, and the glory be thine forever". He was selected by the Father. When Lucifer would not accept the Father's choice, a war in heaven ensued, and he was cast out for rebellion, along with those who followed him, numbering about a third of the spirits.

After Satan's expulsion, the Father's plan was carried forth. Three events ordained and instituted by God before the creation of the Earth constitute the foundation stones upon which the plan of salvation (happiness) rests. These are the creation, the fall, and the atonement of Jesus Christ.

The Creation

The purpose of the Earth was so God's spirit children could obtain a physical body and learn to walk by faith; since all recollection of the spirit world would be withheld. This Earth life is the Act 2. When the Earth was created it was in a perfected and deathless state; as were Adam and Eve who resided on it. If Adam and Eve had not transgressed and fallen, then "all things which were created must have remained in the same state in which they were after they were created; and they must have remained forever, and had no end".

The Fall

In the state in which Adam and Eve found themselves, there was no opposition, no opportunity to make choices. There was no sin, no death, no sorrow and no pain. In this state they would have no children. They had physical bodies, but were in a state of innocence. It appears that a major reason Lucifer and his followers have access to those on Earth is the necessity that everyone be enticed by both good and evil. After Eve was beguiled by Satan and partook of the forbidden fruit, exercising her agency, and Adam choose to do likewise, Adam and Eve became mortal, sin entered, blood formed in their bodies, and death became a part of life. After Adam fell, the whole earth fell and became mortal. I bear my witness and testimony that the fall was part of God's plan for mankind and came as no surprise. Adam and Eve were actual beings, the first parents, and the fall was a literal event both in time and place.

The Atonement

The Atonement is the crowning phase of the plan of salvation, without which all else would have been without purpose and all would have been lost. An understanding of justice and mercy is needed to appreciate the atonement. Justice demands that every violation of God's law be punished and every act of obedience to the law be rewarded or blessed. If the demands of justice were the only consideration and mercy ignored, no one could come back onto God's presence, for "all have sinned and come short of the glory of God". In the atonement of Jesus Christ, justice and mercy are combined to bring about the plan of redemption. Because of Christ's infinite, divine power, he could pay the price of sin for all of God's children and satisfy justice in their behalf. He atoned not only for the fall of Adam, but also for the individual sins of every person. He extends forgiveness to everyone upon the condition of repentance.

All mortals will be resurrected as part of the atonement of Jesus Christ, and brought back into the presence of God for the judgment regardless of the kind of lives they have lived. When mortals complete their sojourn on earth and pass through the portal called death, they enter the postmortal spirit world. As part of the plan of salvation, the Lord set a time between death and the resurrection when men and women can continue their progression and further learn principles of perfection before they are brought to the final judgment.

Jesus Christ went to the postmortal spirit world while his body lay in the tomb to organize the preaching of the Gospel to those who had not the opportunity so that these spirits in the postmortal spirit world could hear and accept or reject the Gospel. Because individuals differ so widely in their obedience to God's commandments, the concept of the single option of heaven or hell as a final destiny of souls does not reflect the Father's love and desire to reward each person according to his or her obedience.. There are several degrees of glory in mankind's eternal reward. Jesus explained this in the 14th chapter of John in the New Testament when he said:

Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I Would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.

The plan of salvation was created by the Father, brought into reality by the atoning sacrifice of his Beloved Son, and facilitated by the gifts of the Holy Ghost. It embraces the Creation, the Fall, and the Atonement, including the Resurrection and sweeps across all time from the premortal existence to the final state of immortality and eternal life.

The following story which illustrates the atonement was told by President Gordon B. Hinckley which is “something of a parable” about “a one room school house in the mountains of Virginia where the boys were so rough no teacher had been able to handle them.

“Then one day an inexperienced young teacher applied. He was told that every teacher had received an awful beating, but the teacher accepted the risk. The first day of school the teacher asked the boys to establish their own rules and the penalty for breaking the rules. The class came up with 10 rules, which were written on the blackboard. Then the teacher asked, ‘What shall we do with one who breaks the rules?’
‘Beat him across the back ten times without his coat on,’ came the response.

“A day or so later, the lunch of a big student, named Tom, was stolen. ‘The thief was located—a little hungry fellow, about ten years old.’

“As Little Jim came up to take his licking, he pleaded to keep his coat on. ‘Take your coat off, the teacher said. ‘You helped make the rules!’

“The boy took off the coat. He had no shirt and revealed a bony little crippled body. As the teacher hesitated with the rod, Big Tom jumped to his feet and volunteered to take the boy’s licking.
‘Very well, there is a certain law that one can become a substitute for another. Are you all agreed?’ the teacher asked.

“After five strokes across Tom’s back, the rod broke. The class was sobbing. ‘Little Jim had reached up and caught Tom with both arms around his neck. “Tom, I’m sorry that I stole your lunch, but I was awful hungry. Tom, I will love you till I die for taking my licking for me! Yes, I will love you forever!

President Hinckley then quoted Isaiah:

“Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows. …

“… He was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.”

Children

Elder M. Russell Ballard has said:

Every human being is a spirit child of God and lived with Heavenly Father before coming to earth. He entrusts his spirit children to earthly parents who provide a mortal body for them through the miracle of physical birth and gives to parents the sacred opportunity and responsibility to love, protect, teach, and to bring them up in light and truth so they may one day, through the atonement and resurrection of Jesus Christ, return to our Father's presence.

These precious souls come to us in purity and innocence. As parents, we assume an immense responsibility for their care and well-being. Parents share this sacred trust with brothers and sisters, grandparents, teachers, neighbors, and all who touch the lives and impress or influence the souls of these precious children.
King Benjamin admonished parents many years ago, 'But ye will teach them to walk in the ways of truth and soberness; ye will teach them to love one another, and to serve one another.' (Mosiah 4:15.)

Andy’s children have a great legacy from their father. He will not be physically next to them throughout their life’s journey but they will feel of his great spirit praising and encouraging them to be the kind of person the Lord and their parents would want them to be. Andy exemplified the counsel of Jesus as he taught in the Sermon on the Mount: “Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the children of God”

There are many other things I could tell about Andy, but I must avoid elevating him to sainthood just now. We enjoyed having him in our home for the first half of his life and we have enjoyed watching him as he matured into a loving husband and father.

As Andy’s father I could not be more proud of him and the many good influences he had on others in his life. Andy was not perfect by any means but he worked to emulate the Lord Jesus Christ in all he did. In the parable of the talents Jesus relates how the lord reacted to his servants who had used their talents wisely and increased them:

His lord said unto him, well done, thou good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things; enter thou into the joy of thy lord

There is no doubt that Andy’s influence is being felt in the spirit world as he continues to preach the doctrine of the Plan of Salvation.

Monday, October 02, 2006

Andy's Eulogy


In July, Andy was diagnosed with cancer. Within less then three months it took his life. During the period of his failing health, I and many others had the opportunity to converse with him on his perspective about this situation. When I spoke to others about Andy’s condition, I could often tell whether they had talked to Andy themselves. Those who had not saw a terrible tragedy; but others who had spoken to him were comforted by his broad view of not just this life but also eternity and by his ability to face this challenge smiling.

Were I to begin this eulogy with Andy’s birth and end with his passing, it would not and could not explain his temperament over the last several months and it would not do justice to his great life. Those who know Andy also know he has the ability to be spiritual without being preachy. He can make just about anyone comfortable in his presence. He loves the sinner as well as the saint, and all the rest of us who are somewhere between.

With that, I begin with what Andy believes and what animates him, even now as his body is laid to rest and his spirit moves on. We lived with our Heavenly Father as His spirit children before we came to this life. He loved us, and we loved him. Because of His love for us, God prepared a plan for us to gain a body and have experiences here on earth so that we could learn to walk by faith. Andy grew and developed as a spirit child of God and made decisions that qualified him for great blessings. With other valiant spirits, Andy Hogge stood with Jesus Christ in defense of God the Father’s plan of salvation and against Satan who desired to thwart God’s plan. What Andy became there was the main ingredient for what he was in this mortal life. Because of his valiance in the premortal life, he was chosen to come to earth in this era, enjoy the blessings of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, participate in family life at its fullest, and have a positive influence on others, one by one.

Andy was born in Sacramento in the Spring of 1963, trailing clouds of glory. (See Wordsworth.) Steve was almost five, and I was two. He quickly found his place in the family and enjoyed his childhood. He told me many times that he had everything a person could want as a child, especially loving and honorable parents.

All through his life, Andy loved everyone, and everyone loved him. As a child, he was the cutest, with those distinctive dimples, and the wittiest, even when he wasn’t trying.

Growing up with Andy in the household was like living a season of Leave it to Beaver. Andy had the ability to get himself in trouble and, at times, he was mischievous. But he always did so with a smile on his face, with those dimples showing, never with malice, and always with his shirt meticulously buttoned to the top.

Morrison Creek flows behind our parents’ home. Most of the time it is about 15 inches deep, but sometimes it is 15 feet deep. That creek always fascinated Andy. He spent hours down there with his brothers or his friends, exploring up and down the banks and in the stream. He learned to catch the crawdads with his hands. A pipe crossed the creek and usually the creek flowed under but not over the pipe. Andy became expert at lying on his stomach on the pipe, reaching under the pipe, and grabbing crawdads. He put the crawdads in a bucket until he was done, then he counted them and dumped them back into the creek so he could catch them again another time.

As he advanced into his teenage years, his fascination for Morrison Creek morphed into a love of fishing. Famous for not catching fish, he spent hour after hour on the banks of the Sacramento River or some other local waterway. I guess he had no malice for the fish either, because he seemed to enjoy his fishing trips as much when he caught nothing. Before he could drive, Mom would take him to Garcia Bend or some other point on the river and drop him off, with or without a friend, and let him fish there for awhile before going to pick him up. Getting his driver’s license gave him new freedom to go to new fishing holes.

Andy’s fishing highlighted his desire to be alone on occasion. It didn’t bother him to be out in the middle of nowhere, with no communication with the rest of the world – that was long before the day when you could take a cell phone just about anywhere and call home. But that desire for isolation was balanced by his desire to be with those he loved. Andy despised an empty home. On the infrequent occasions when no one else was there, he would go to a friend’s house. We could always find Andy; it was just a matter of checking all of the likely places.

Andy had a special connection with the elderly and infirm. They were drawn to him and he to them. When Dad was a bishop, which was much of the time Andy was growing up, we often visited people in the ward who could not come to church. I remember looking for something, anything, to do other than spend time talking to these special people. But Andy would sit next to the bed or sidle up to the person in the chair and show real attention and love.

Mom always had words of encouragement for Andy. She nurtured his most noble attributes. Dad’s relationship with Andy was quieter but equally motivating. Dad’s solid and faithful example was something Andy always noticed and often brought to my attention.

Andy didn’t particularly like school, but he did well, when he went. More than studies, he enjoyed his friends. He not only had his own friends, but he was also popular with Steve’s friends and my friends. My friends liked Andy more than they liked me. And he expanded his friendships to our extended family, spending time, especially in the summer, with his cousin Mark and his family.

One evening when Andy was no older than about 8 years old, Steve and a visiting friend decided to sleep in sleeping bags in the backyard instead of in the house. Andy wanted to join them, so they agreed, but without Andy’s knowledge they slipped a large toad into the bottom of Andy’s sleeping bag. When Andy climbed into the bag, the toad moved, touching Andy’s leg. Andy jumped up and out of the sleeping bag and ran into the house. Unfortunately, the screen door had not been open. Andy ran right through it. He also punched a hole in the front door on another occasion after we tossed him into the front yard in his underwear and locked the door. Steve and I played plenty of other practical jokes on Andy, and later Andy would laugh about how funny they were. But he would never retaliate. He bore no malice.

As a child, Andy showed an aptitude for music. He listened to Mom and Dad’s old records and sang along. His favorite was, You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Hound Dog, which he would sing at the top of his lungs at the dinner table. On a trip to Salt Lake City as a family when Andy was still quite young, we went to the rehearsal of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Andy sat transfixed with the beauty and spirit of the music. When it was time to go, he didn’t want to leave. He learned to play the cello in elementary school and junior high. But his first musical love was the guitar. Hours he spent in his room, playing along with Doobie Brothers records. Every time I hear the opening bars of China Grove, I think of hearing it over and over again coming from Andy’s room. He rarely played in front of other people. Yet when he was about 14 years old, we convinced him to join the Galena Street East band. Occasionally, he would have a guitar solo in a show. Andy was good at these solos, but his buddy on the drums, Brad Burnett, or his friend on the trumpet, Michael Iuele, had to lean over and turn up Andy’s amplifier so he could be heard.

Many of Andy’s friendships as a teenager came from his association with the band and the performers of Galena Street East. In particular, he met Coleen Ford. Apparently, he liked her enough to want to show off a little. Taking her home one day, Andy hit the gas in his Oldsmobile Cutlass going up a freeway on-ramp, misjudged the corner, lost control, and hit the abutment, totaling his car. Fortunately, no one was injured.

Two of Andy’s idiosyncrasies combined to make high school very hard for him: he has never liked meetings (and school is basically an all-day meeting) and he very much disliked getting out of bed in the morning. Making it harder to go to school, he learned he could make some pretty good money, for a teenager anyway, by working instead of going to school. As soon as he learned there was a test he could take to get out of high school, he took it, passed it, and never returned.

You might think it ironic that today we hold a meeting to honor the memory of someone who did not like meetings. But there are two reasons, I think, that Andy wanted us to come here today: one, this service serves to comfort us, and, two, he probably would not have to attend. I say “probably” because the veil is thin.

When Andy was 16 years old, a little brother came into his life. David McMillan Hogge was born with serious genetic difficulties. Soon after his birth, our parents adopted him. David required 24-hour care, and Andy helped with that care. Through David, Andy learned much about loving whom you serve and the importance of the plan of salvation for a little boy who had no chance to live a long and full mortal life but, nevertheless, came to this earth as a son of God and an heir to exaltation. David died just 11 months later, but he left a permanent impression on Andy’s heart.

Not long after David passed away, Jason, Amy, and Joycey joined us, completing our family. Andy, especially in the past few months, has had a special insight into how we fit together as a family – every one of us having his or her place, eternally.

Rebellion was never Andy’s propensity. The extent of it was moving out of Mom and Dad’s home and into the basement apartment at Grandma and Grandpa Stowers’ home. Never one to be forced to conform, he intentionally left it undecided what he would do with his future. One day, lying in bed at the apartment and thinking about his life, his failure to move forward came crashing down on him. He realized that, although he wasn’t doing anything wrong, he also wasn’t doing anything right. He needed to overcome stumbling blocks, such as avoiding meetings and sleeping in, and become a better person, for himself, not for anyone else. As he recently described it to me, he made some commitments that day that, though hard for him, allowed him, over the next 25 years, to become what he is today.

That day he went home and shaved off his beard. When Mom gave him a questioning look, he said, “I can’t have a beard if I am going to serve a mission.”

Endowed with power from on high, Andy labored honorably in Idaho as a missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, sharing the Gospel and lifting lives. Within about a year after he returned from his missionary service, Andy made the best decision of his life. Somehow, he convinced Coleen to marry him. She had just finished her coursework at BYU when they were married in the Spring of 1985 in the Oakland Temple. They headed for Los Angeles where Coleen had an internship with a retailer and Andy sold jewelry. During the time they were in Southern California, Andy attended school briefly at a junior college. But the world, not a building, was Andy's classroom.

Andy had an entrepreneurial inclination. For many years, he ran his own business, installing flooring and carpets and cleaning carpets. It was hard work with long hours and took its toll on him physically. A few years ago, he accepted the opportunity to work for Jewell Restoration as an estimator. He found there the ability to apply his numerous skills to help an already successful company maintain its prominence. He also found in the work a degree of financial success and associations with people who respected his considerable business and interpersonal abilities.

Through his missionary work and work with the youth of the church, Andy became an interesting and effective teacher of the Gospel. He taught early-morning seminary for several years and had many other opportunities to instruct. When a lesson was needed and no one was available, Andy was ready. And his subject was more often than not the plan of salvation. Where did we come from? Why are we here? And where will we go after this life is over? The answers to these questions were important and clear to my brother. I have felt impressed to tell you that Andy’s skills in teaching the Gospel will be utilized to their fullest in the Spirit World.

Andy spent many hours earning a living and a few more playing golf or enjoying the outdoors with friends, but his real desire was to be with his family. Melanie was born while Coleen and Andy were living in that same Stowers basement apartment where Andy had made the commitment to live a meaningful life. Natalie, Madelyn, and Neal came along after Andy and Coleen bought a home in suburbia.

Coleen is a bright, educated, caring, and determined person. One of the great blessings of Andy’s life has been that, when he had to be away working or was lacking in enthusiasm to do such things as lead family prayer or scripture study, Coleen took up the slack. Mainly, they have worked as a team, building a loving family and helping their children to become the great people they are today.

One of the great traditions and memories we have as a family is camping together each summer at Mendocino on the northern California coast. It gives us a chance to get away from the pressures and deadlines of the world and concentrate on being a family. The smell of the ocean, mingled with redwoods, and the chill of the air sitting around the campfire have become for us unifying and uplifting sensations. As Melanie describes it, Andy was serene when he was at Mendocino.

Natalie remembers her father as a warm and caring person. When something went wrong in her life, Andy would not get upset. He would calmly help her work through it. I think she may have been referring, in part, to the time she wrecked his truck.

Madelyn appreciated the time Andy dedicated to his children. She enjoyed having her father watch her play soccer.

As an only son, Neal saw a side of Andy with which the girls did not have as much experience. Four-wheeling, hunting, fishing, and roughing it brought together father and son.

A week before Andy passed away, Neal turned 12, ready to be ordained a deacon. Declining rapidly and having difficulty speaking, Andy doubted he could participate. On Sunday, however, Andy got out of bed, put on slacks, shirt, and tie and sat in a wheelchair in the family room. He placed his hands on Neal’s head and, with much effort, conferred upon his son the priesthood and pronounced an inspired and eloquent blessing. Bishop Jensen then blessed the sacrament, and Neal passed the bread and water to his father for the last time in his mortal existence.

Over the past few weeks, Andy spent every last ounce of energy to complete his mortal mission. Although glory awaits, our God-given desire is to cling to mortality. Andy’s dear wife and his children ministered to him in the most holy sense. I could feel the thinness of the veil and the sanctifying presence of the Holy Ghost in their home. I truly felt I was standing on holy ground.

Andy’s life has followed a pattern that I should note here. The ancient prophet King Benjamin said, “For the natural man is an enemy to God, and has been from the fall of Adam, and will be, forever and ever, unless he yields to the enticings of the Holy Spirit, and putteth off the natural man and becometh a saint through the atonement of Christ the Lord, and becometh as a child, submissive, meek, humble, patient, full of love, willing to submit to all things which the Lord seeth fit to inflict upon him, even as a child doth submit to his father.”

In this passage are four important verbs relating to overcoming the world and coming unto Christ. I call them the verbs of exaltation: yield, put off, become, and submit. Yield to the Spirit, which influences us for good. Put off the natural man. Become a saint. And finally, submit to the Lord. As a teenager, Andy recognized he needed to improve his life, yielding to the influence of the Spirit. He moved forward affirmatively, serving a mission and marrying Coleen. Weakness by weakness, he worked to make them strengths. And finally, he submitted to the will of the Lord. This last attribute has enabled him to meet adversity with cheer and hope. His progress in this pattern was not always constant; none of us is perfect. But the general upward trajectory of Andy’s life was unmistakable.

A few years ago, I went to a funeral with my parents. It was for our next-door neighbor, Bob. The minister addressed the family and said that, although Bob was a good man, we don’t know where he has gone or whether there even is an existence after death. Bob’s wife and daughter hung there heads in despair. The family had invited Dad to speak at the funeral. He got up, and he also addressed Bob’s family. He said, “I know where Bob went.” Bob’s wife and daughter perked up and listened intently as Dad explained the plan of salvation.

I am here to say, “We know where Andy went.” “Now, concerning the state of the soul between death and the resurrection . . . the spirits of all men, as soon as they are departed from this mortal body . . . are taken home to that God who gave them life.” (Alma 40:11.)

Andy has moved on to the next phase of an eternal existence. He has work to do there and will continue to progress as he prepares for the rest of his family to join him. Eventually, he will be reunited with his family and resurrected unto glory, all thanks to the atonement of Jesus Christ.

I love my brother and will miss him until we meet again. May the Spirit of the Lord comfort us in our mourning. May the Lord give us strength to overcome the natural man and claim the blessings the Lord offers.

Wednesday, September 06, 2006

Pres. Hinckley dedicates the Sacramento Temple


Deseret Morning News, Monday, September 04, 2006

2-day California trip includes celebration by area LDS youths

By Greg Hill
Deseret Morning News

SACRAMENTO, CALIF. — President Gordon B. Hinckley, leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, topped off a two-day trip to California's capital by dedicating the Sacramento California Temple in four sessions Sunday.

The trip began with a member meeting in Arco Arena, home of the NBA Sacramento Kings, Saturday afternoon. The congregation included approximately 5,000 youths ages 12-18 who cheered loudly when the man they consider a prophet of God entered the arena.

In his remarks, President Hinckley spoke of the church's involvement in the early history of California, including the gold rush, the Mormon Battalion and the pioneer members of the church who sailed from New York to California on the ship Brooklyn.

Following the meeting, the youths presented in song, dance and drama church history and principles relating to California.

Among the church leaders joining President Hinckley were President Thomas S. Monson, first counselor in the First Presidency; Elder L. Tom Perry of the Quorum of the Twelve, Elder Ronald A. Rasband of the Presidency of the Seventy, and Elder Richard G. Hinckley of the Seventy, President Hinckley's son.

The Sacramento Temple is the church's 123rd working temple and the seventh in California.


See also the Meridan Magazine article.

Thursday, August 10, 2006

Sacramento Temple -- Official LDS Press Release


Sacramento California Temple Opens Doors to Public
26 July 2006

SACRAMENTO, California — The public is invited to tour the newly completed Sacramento California Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

The First Presidency of the Church has announced that an open house will begin on Saturday, 29 July, and will continue through Saturday, 26 August, excluding Sundays. Tours are available on Monday from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. and Tuesday through Saturday from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m.

The temple is located at 2100 California Circle, Rancho Cordova, California.

Tickets are required of all visitors to the open house, and are available free of charge. They can be obtained by logging on to www.lds.org/reservations or by calling 1-800-537-6214.

Following the public open house, the temple will be formally dedicated on Sunday, 3 September 2006, by Church President Gordon B. Hinckley as the 123rd operating temple of the Church. Four separate dedicatory sessions will be held to accommodate Latter-day Saints in the area who will be served by the new temple.

The temple will serve more than 80,000 Latter-day Saints in the Sacramento area and joins six other California temples located in Los Angeles (dedicated in 1956), Oakland (1964), San Diego (1993), Fresno (2000), Redlands (2003) and Newport Beach (2005).

A cultural celebration featuring the talents of more than 5,000 local Latter-day Saint youth is scheduled for Saturday, 2 September, at 6:00 p.m. in the ARCO Arena.

The area is rich in Latter-day Saint history. During the mid-1840s, Latter-day Saint pioneers arrived at New Helvetia (Sutter’s Fort) and settled north and southeast of what is now Sacramento. Other early Latter-day Saints established the settlement of New Hope on the Stanislaus River, south of Sacramento. Irrigation farming was first practiced in the San Joaquin Valley by Latter-day Saints who planted and harvested some of the first wheat and built the first flour mill in the area. Following the discovery of gold, Latter-day Saints returning to Utah blazed the Mormon Emigrant Trail — a 70-mile stretch of trail from the foothills east of Sacramento, through the rugged and uncharted Sierra Nevada Range, to Hope Valley (south of Lake Tahoe), creating the first east-west road for wagons into northern California.

The Sacramento California Temple is located on a hill covered in native oak trees, overlooking Lake Natoma on the American River. Its interior features numerous art-glass windows, sculpted carpet and an original mural depicting the Sierra Nevada Mountains and foothills. A water feature is centered at the entrance of the temple with arched colonnades flanking each side of the main entry.

Latter-day Saint temples differ from the meetinghouses or chapels where members meet for Sunday worship services. Temples are considered "houses of the Lord" where Christ's teachings are reaffirmed through marriage, baptism and other ordinances that unite families for eternity.

Inside the temple, members learn more about the purpose of life and make covenants to serve Jesus Christ and their fellow man.

For additional information about the Sacramento California Temple and for photos of the temple interior and exterior, visit www.newsroom.lds.org.

Tuesday, August 08, 2006

Sacramento Temple


From the Sacramento Bee on July 30, 2006:

Mormon temple serene, inspiring for first visitors

By Deb Kollars -- Bee Staff Writer

Published 12:01 am PDT Sunday, July 30, 2006

Thousands of people journeyed to a serene hillside south of Highway 50 on Saturday to visit a new Mormon temple that opened to the public this weekend.
The white granite building, called the Sacramento California Temple, is the seventh to be built in the state. Until now, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who lived in Northern California had to travel to Oakland when they wanted to attend temple.

The new temple, at 2100 California Circle in Rancho Cordova, sits just south of the Folsom Auto Mall on an oak-studded hillside. Over the next four weeks, nearly 170,000 people are expected to visit the temple. It will be officially dedicated Sept. 3.

On Saturday, the first day of an extended open house, more than 9,000 people had booked tickets in advance to tour the new structure, said Lisa West, Sacramento area media specialist for the church. Many were Mormon, but the tours were open to people of all faiths and backgrounds.

As their cars streamed up the hill, visitors were directed by an orderly army of volunteers wearing straw hats and smiles on their faces. More volunteers drove small shuttles to the entrance and steered visitors into tour groups that launched every three minutes or so.

Many came in their Sunday best. They spoke in hushed voices as they were led through the temple's luxurious rooms, featuring graceful archways, marble details and hand-painted 24-carat gold images.

The reaction of Brad Wolfe of Chico was typical. "It's beautiful," Wolfe said, shaking his head in wonder.

An electrical contractor, Wolfe was among a contingent of 250 people from Chico who booked the first tours of the morning. He came with his wife, Diane; his daughter, Christie Bryant; her husband, Dan Bryant; and their two children, Parker and Izabel.

The family was struck by the temple's many elegant details, including crystal chandeliers and a massive marble baptismal font resting on the backs of 12 life-sized oxen representing the 12 tribes of Israel.

"I loved even just the door handles," Christie Bryant said. "It's very peaceful and inspiring."

Mormon temples are unlike cathedrals or other churches that have single sanctuaries or meeting rooms for gathering. Instead, they consist of a series of rooms with different purposes, including instruction and contemplation, sealing marriages, and performing baptisms by proxy for deceased ancestors.

Members attend regular Sunday worship services at neighborhood meeting houses and chapels. Their faith requires temple attendance as often as possible.

"We really feel this is the house of the Lord," said Marilyn Lund as she led a group through the temple along with her husband, Grant. "To members of the church, this is the most sacred place on Earth."

The Lunds ushered people through several rooms filled with plush rugs, chairs and sofas, and shimmering light sources designed to create settings of beauty and quiet reflection. The Sacramento temple includes a number of paintings and other details featuring the landscape and history of the Sacramento region.

The temple experience is deeply meaningful, Wolfe and other visitors said.

"To me, the temple means family forever. And closeness to the Lord," Wolfe said. "It's basically my life, not the temple itself, but what happens there."

The Fluckigers of Loomis were so anxious to see the new temple that they ordered their tickets June 26, the first day they became available. Richard Fluckiger is a production manager for a printing company, while his wife, Michelle, works at a Latter-day Saints bookstore in Roseville. They have four children: Sean, 15; Colin, 14; Alyssa, 11; and Kevin, 7.

Normally, Mormons must be at least 12 to attend baptisms in temples and at least 19 to participate in other temple "ordinances" and ceremonies. So Alyssa and Kevin were thrilled to be able to take Saturday's tour. They had gone shopping at JCPenney to prepare for the big day, with Kevin getting a new black suit and Alyssa a flowing yellow dress.

"This is a nice opportunity to show the younger kids what a temple looks like," Richard Fluckiger said. "It represents for us a place to learn about our Father in heaven and how to live a good life."

His oldest son, Sean, said he appreciated the serene surroundings and their closer proximity to his home. "It's good to feel the peacefulness. And now I can feel it more often."

According to West, the Fluckigers are among an estimated 80,000 followers in the Sacramento California Temple District, which runs from Red Bluff south to Stockton. As of Dec. 31, there were 756,807 Mormons in California, placing the state second only to Utah in membership, she said.

The new Sacramento temple brings to 123 the number of Mormon temples worldwide; another 11 have been announced or are under construction in places ranging from Panama City, Panama, to Helsinki, Finland, to Utah.

The 19,500-square-foot Sacramento temple sits on a 47-acre site that also includes a local LDS meetinghouse and two residences. To protect the construction bidding process for new temples, the church's Salt Lake City headquarters, which manages such projects, does not to disclose building cost figures, West said.

The overall price tag, she noted, was helped considerably by the fact that the church bought the property from Aerojet 35 years ago, when land prices were much lower.

Since then, members have waited for their new temple to rise. Against Saturday's vivid blue skies, it made for a striking addition to the landscape, as well as the spiritual lives of many.

Sunday, April 02, 2006

Chipman at Gettysburg, by Terry Flanigan


Terry Flanigan created this portrait of Chipman in watercolor for the University of Cincinnati. It reflects Chipman's presence on the platform as Abraham Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address.

Cincinnati Speech

The Federalist Society chapter at the University of Cincinnati College of Law has renamed itself after Norton Parker Chipman, an 1859 graduate of the law school. Terry Flanigan has painted a portrait of Chipman for the University, and I have put together two panels commemorating Chipman for display at the law school. My April 4 speech at a program of the chapter recounts Chipman's life and notes, though without embellishment, some parallels between the Civil War era and today's society.

My speech:

My remarks are about Norton Parker Chipman, Cincinnati Law School class of 1859, but they are also about the similarities between today and the Civil War era. We are sometimes tempted to believe that what we face is unique. We do so at our own peril, however, when we fail to see the parallels in history. I won’t take the time to point them all out to you today. But, if you have been paying attention to politics the last few years, you will recognize some of them.

During the last year and a half of the Civil War, the South maintained a prisoner of war camp at Andersonville, Georgia. Hastily built, the camp was grossly inadequate for housing captured Union soldiers. No shelters were built, so the first prisoners erected crude shelters from debris or dug pits in the ground. The water system consisted of a small stream that flowed through the stockade. It soon became polluted from upstream activities and the prisoners’ own waste.

The prison population grew rapidly in the summer of 1864, and by August there were 33,000 prisoners contained in a stockade measuring only 26.5 acres. That is similar to taking every full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate student at the University of Cincinnati or the population of a small city and placing that population to live 24 hours a day on a parking lot the size of the site on which stands the Great American Ball Park. Supplies were short throughout the South, and Andersonville was no exception. Food was often scarce or of poor quality. Disease ran rampant in the close quarters. And men died in droves from malnutrition, exposure, and gangrene. Of almost 50,000 men who were imprisoned at Andersonville, about 13,000 died there.

News of the horrendous conditions and severe suffering at Andersonville filtered into the North, igniting a firestorm of public indignation. Reports of the Andersonville prison keeper found their way into the northern press. Not just his neglect, but his intentional cruelty to the prisoners, caused public outcry, with Northerners calling the head of Henry Wirz, the demon of Andersonville.

After Robert E. Lee’s Appomattox surrender, many Confederate leaders panicked and fled, even though the North had no intention of holding most of them personally responsible for the rebellion. Some fled when no one pursued. But the North made it a point to capture Wirz and bring him to Washington to be tried for war crimes.

With the Judge Advocate General absorbed in the prosecution of conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton turned to his trusted 31-year-old aide, Norton Parker Chipman, to take on the task of prosecuting Wirz. Chipman had just turned down President Andrew Johnson’s offer to be the president’s personal secretary and was determined to open up his own law practice in Washington, but he responded to Stanton’s call to further military duty as he had since April 1961, when we has the first person in his hometown of Washington, Iowa, to respond to President Lincoln’s call for volunteers to oppose the Rebellion.

After several months of investigation, Chipman brought charges against Wirz before a military commission. As the trial got underway, Chipman became a household name. Newspapers throughout the country reported each day’s proceedings, giving detailed descriptions of the participants in the trial. Newspapers in the North clamored for justice, while newspapers in the South condemned the trial as judicial murder and criticized Wirz’s confinement as illegal. After several weeks of testimony, the commission convicted Wirz of war crimes and murder, and he was hanged in the Old Capitol Prison.

In 1957, on a live television program called “Climax!,” Charlton Heston played Chipman in an episode called “The Trial of Captain Wirz.” On Broadway in 1959 and 1960, George C. Scott starred as Chipman in “The Andersonville Trial” -- a role for which Scott was nominated for a Tony Award. William Shatner played Chipman in the 1970 made-for-television movie “The Andersonville Trial.” The movie was nominated for five Emmy Awards and won three, including Outstanding Single Program. That puts Chipman in a league with Moses, General George S. Patton, Jr., and Captain James T. Kirk. Yet no book has ever been written about him or with him as a main character. Even in his own account of the trial of Wirz, Chipman makes himself only a minor character. As former Presiding Justice Robert K. Puglia, a successor to Chipman’s judicial seat, once said, “Chipman deserves a book.”

Recognized in 1865 by the nation as the Andersonville prosecutor, Chipman was known to military and government leaders long before. After law school, he practiced law in Iowa. He immediately became an officer when he volunteered in the War Against the Rebellion in 1861. The North was mostly united behind Lincoln’s determination not to allow the rupture of the Union. (Think of the unity seen in the days and weeks after September 11, 2001.)

By the time he fought in the Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862, Chipman was major of his regiment. When General Ulyssess S. Grant gave orders to storm the garrison, Chipman led the charge up the hill. At first, an eery silence greeted the regiment. But, as the men approached a ridge, the Confederates opened fire. Two of the early shots ripped through Chipman’s right thigh, knocking him to the ground. His comrades rushed to his aid, but he ordered them to advance and leave him. The next day his regiment was given the honor of being first to march into the surrendered fort, but Chipman was already on a steamer headed up the river for treatment.

After he recovered, Chipman received a promotion to colonel and accepted an assignment from General Samuel Curtis to serve as his chief of staff. As Curtis commanded the Department of the Missouri, Chipman became his right hand. But adversaries plotted to remove Curtis from power. Political strife with the civil authorities and nefarious allegations that Curtis had engaged in illegal cotton trading with the South prompted Lincoln to relieve Curtis of his command. Curtis immediately sent Chipman to Washington to defend against the allegations. Chipman successfully pled Curtis’ case, and Lincoln restored Curtis to command, though in Kansas.

Lincoln and Stanton took notice of the 29-year-old colonel and decided his services were needed in the War Department. Chipman’s first big assignment from Stanton was to accompany Lincoln to the dedication of the national cemetery at Gettysburg. As Lincoln gave the two-minute speech that has become one of the classics of all time, Chipman sat near him on the speaker’s platform. Chipman remembered:

I stood by his side at Gettysburg when he delivered that marvelously beautiful tribute to the noble dead who lay at his feet. I saw him when with clear and almost angelic voice he urged his care-furrowed face towards the sky and uttered those immortal lines, speaking as one inspired, and as though in the very presence of the throne of God!

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Here, everywhere, and always, he seemed to me to be personifying the intense and awful strain of one standing for a Nation and vicariously bearing its burdens.


From October 1863 to the end of the war in 1865, Chipman split time between prosecuting offenses before military commissions and taking personal assignments from Lincoln and Stanton. When Confederate General Jubal Early attacked Washington, Stanton sent Chipman on a hasty nighttime mission to survey the city’s defenses and report back by morning. Within weeks, as General Philip Sheridan marched through the Shenandoah Valley, Lincoln sent Chipman, along with a cavalry escort, to take the president’s dispatches to Sheridan, warning Sheridan of Lee’s efforts to send reinforcements to block Sheridan’s advance.

By 1863, two years into the war, deep divisions manifested themselves in the North. Many northerners had long since tired of supporting the war, especially as Lincoln made it an aim of the war to emancipate the slaves, not just preserve the Union. Election politics intensified the debate and the rhetoric. Chipman returned to Iowa, where he was well-known for his service, and gave a speech in support of Lincoln’s policies. Listen in this excerpt for arguments you may have heard more recently:

When the first gun of the rebellion echoed back from Sumter’s walls its sound of contending arms, you remember how every patriot heart thrilled, and with what enthusiasm the people responded to the call for aid. No one stopped to discuss the question of duty then, and the man who doubted the ability of the Government to maintain its own life or questioned its right to do so was tenderly cared for as insane or openly spurned as an ingrate and a traitor. These men were few, very few then and breathed their pestilent treason in caves and at night, for popular indignation would have crushed them under its mighty wheels. I do not forget the night this county enrolled its first company in the great army of freedom, and pledged it to the country for real or for woe for years or for ages, for life or for death. But one sentiment prevailed. All hearts beat in unison. Pure, devoted, disinterested, self-sacrificing patriotism was the feeling which, stronger than the ties of home, of friends, of business, severed each and dispelled alike the bright dreams of youth’s ambition and the pleasant reveries of green old age.

Addressing the growing public sentiment against the war, Chipman said:

Patriotism is devoted, constant, absorbing, and though it sleeps, it never goes out or takes up the cudgel against itself. If there is a hope of ultimate success and the regeneration of our country, let us stand upon it. That there is such hope no true patriot doubts. Let me tell you that it is not the bayonets alone that end wars, nor the lack of their vigorous use that prolongs them, but that very much rests with the public sentiment at home. If all that force known in politics as “outside pressure,” which is used and misused to govern our nation, could be brought to embrace the rebellion, the enemy might be pressed into submission by it alone. You who remain at home are responsible for your words, as are soldiers for their bullets. You have more right to talk against the president or government than have they to shoot in that direction. Everything said and done detrimental to the common cause is unpatriotic and just as far is he not a patriot as he indulges in this abuse of the powers that be. There is a class of men whom for want of a milder term I call growlers. They are loyal I think and really wish our government to succeed, but they have no very high ideas of the interests involved in this struggle and catch no brighter glimpse of the coming glory of America than they can get in looking back into the past, when all was peace and quiet in the country, when freedom and slavery walked hand in hand, truth and error slept side by side and no one seemed to question that they were born of the same parents. These are men who have never felt one genuine patriotic thrill in their lives, under their incrustations of self, a way down deep in their hearts as can be. They are not patriots. They are loyal but have not that noblest passion which characterizes the citizen. This is what I mean and be assured there is a difference between loyalty and patriotism. They always take the worst view of everything.

Chipman chided the Democrats and the press for their pessimism. And he warned that if the North were to lose the war, it would be because of internal division, not the South’s might.

The indelible impression on Chipman left by the Gettysburg Address was to be equaled on April 14, 1865. Richmond had fallen; Lee had surrendered; Washington was ablaze in celebration. Always attentive to duty, Chipman was working in the evening in the Bureau of Military Justice. His bride of ten weeks was out with other prominent women enjoying the sense of relief. At a late hour, Mrs. Chipman burst into Chipman’s office with a horrified look on her face. It must have brought a chill to Chipman’s blood just to see her in such a state. “Oh dear!” she exclaimed. “They shot the President in the theater!” Chipman sent his assistant to the theater to discover Lincoln’s condition. And when the assistant returned with grim news, Chipman took to the streets with the rest of the city. What he described as an “ominous rumbling” replaced the celebratory mood. Chipman’s vigil on the streets ended the next morning when news emerged from the residence across the street from the theater that Lincoln had died.

Chipman lived nearly 60 years after the Civil War and was often called upon to recount his experiences and his association with Lincoln. Here is a flavor of his respect, almost reverence, for Lincoln, closing a speech he gave in 1906:

This is Lincoln as he was manifested to me, and as I still see him -- a grand and noble man. Since the coming of the Savior of mankind the human race has been blessed by no other so great a benefactor.

There can be no doubt, there never will arise a doubt in the ages to come, that ABRAHAM LINCOLN was the most heroic, the most exalted character in American history.


High praise!

For Chipman’s meritorious service during the war and in the Bureau of Military Justice, Chipman was brevetted as a brigadier general and mustered out of service. He joined with thousands of veterans of the Union Army to form an organization known as the Grand Army of the Republic. Eventually boasting more than 400,000 members, the GAR was a powerful political force. In 1868, while Chipman served as adjutant general of the GAR, he learned from a comrade of a tradition in Europe of setting aside a day to honor those fallen in war by decorating the graves of the deceased. From this idea, Chipman drafted General Order No. 11. Signed by the GAR commander-in-chief, this order established what would later be known as Memorial Day.

Chipman stayed in Washington, where he practiced law. His most famous case, after the Andersonville Trial, was his defense of Ely Parker before a congressional inquiry of alleged corruption. Parker, a Seneca Indian chief, served as Grant’s military secretary during the war. Later, Grant appointed Parker as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, but corruption within Parker’s bureau reflected poorly on him and Congress called on him to answer. Grant obtained Chipman’s services to defend Parker, and Chipman succeeded in exonerating his friend.

In 1871, with the Republicans still firmly entrenched in power, Grant appointed Chipman as secretary of the District of Columbia. That same year, Chipman ran against Frederick Douglass, the former slave, for the Republican nomination to be the district’s delegate to the House of Representatives. He narrowly defeated Douglass.

In Congress, Chipman could not vote; nonetheless, he spearheaded the drive to obtain funding and complete the Washington Monument which had stood for many years only half built, much to the embarrassment of the nation. Although he mostly avoided the reconstruction debate, the intense politics of the era wore on him. The Republicans held power, but in many instances that power was abused for individual gain. Chipman never participated in this graft, but it left him disillusioned. Finally, his health suffered and, after serving two terms in Congress, he emigrated to California.

Let me pause here to add some details about Chipman’s personal life. The Chipmans descended from Mayflower immigrants. His parents were both Vermont natives but met and married in Ohio, where Chipman was born. The family moved to Iowa when Chipman was a young teenager. He called Iowa home until he married Mary Isabel Holmes, known to her friends as Belle, of St. Louis, in January 1865, and established a home in Washington, D.C. The Chipmans had three children, a son who died in infancy in Washington, and two daughters, both adopted, one in Washington and one in California. Belle died in 1919, after 54 years of happy marriage, leaving Chipman to mourn for his faithful and dear companion.

Returning to the timeline . . .

In California, Chipman yielded to the enticements of the Gilded Age to get rich and live comfortably. He realized the mounting need for lumber in California and around the globe and noticed the bounty of timber in Northern California. With the financial backing of Alvinza Hayward, who made his fortune on Nevada silver, Chipman bought up land and timber rights, eventually controlling more land than any other Californian. His company, Sierra Flume and Lumber Company, started out big, shipping lumber throughout California and through San Francisco to many foreign countries. Just as he was most vulnerable because of financial leverage, the Bank of California failed and, in the financial panic that followed, Sierra Flume and Lumber went bankrupt. It was Chipman’s one and only private venture, if one does not include his law practice.

With renewed interest in public service, Chipman became president of the California State Board of Trade, promoting California as an ideal place for agricultural and business interests. He served for more than 20 years until the California Supreme Court recruited him as a commissioner to help with the court’s overwhelming backload. In 1905, California established an intermediate appellate court system, the Court of Appeal. Seeking to give the new court instant prestige, Governor George Pardee appointed 71-year-old Chipman as the presiding justice of the Third Appellate District in Sacramento. You might have thought Chipman would see it as a crowning achievement in a lifetime of service and retire after a couple of years. Instead, he served as presiding justice for 16 years, retiring at the age of 87 only because of failing health. Glaucoma had essentially rendered him blind. He lived three more years, in the homes of his two daughters, and passed away in 1924, just a month shy of his 90th birthday.

Norton Parker Chipman’s legacy is not one of buildings named in his honor or foundations established in his name. When he retired from the Court of Appeal with only his Civil War pension of $72 dollars per month, he offered his collection of personal correspondence and scrapbooks to the California State Library but warned that he couldn’t imagine that anyone other than his two daughters would be interested in them. Chipman’s humility obscured his view of the great good he accomplished and helped others accomplish through his long life. Most who have heard of him know him as the Andersonville prosecutor. Yet through 60 years of public service, physical injury, dangerous missions, zealous prosecution, respectful memorializing, effective representation, and erudite decision making, Chipman, in his quiet way, helped to preserve the Union, emancipate the slaves, govern the country, civilize the West, and establish the proud tradition of the California Court of Appeal. He deserves a place in our collective memory.